In the early 1960s, the CIA’s Special Activities Division began to recruit, train and lead the indigenous Hmong people in Laos to join fighting the Vietnam War, named as a Special Guerrilla Unit led by General Vang Pao. About 60% of the Hmong men in Laos were supported by the CIA to join fighting for the “Secret War” in Laos.

Fa’afafine is a third gender specific to Samoan culture. Fa’afafine are biological men who in childhood choose by their nature to be raised to assume female gender roles, something which is not discouraged in the traditional fa’asamoa (Samoan society).

The Pirahã people are an indigenous hunter-gatherer tribe of Amazon natives, who mainly live on the banks of the Maici River in Brazil. They currently number about 360, which is sharply reduced from the numbers recorded in previous decades, and the culture is in danger of extinction.

Kuru – also known as laughing disease

Brazil is home to the largest Japanese population outside of Japan.

More info in Wikipedia.